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William Shakespeare biography

উইলিয়াম শেক্সপিয়র, প্রায়শই ইংরেজি ভাষার অন্যতম সেরা লেখক এবং বিশ্বের প্রাক-প্রখ্যাত নাট্যকার হিসাবে সমাদৃত, 1564 সালের এপ্রিল মাসে ইংল্যান্ডের ওয়ারউইকশায়ারের স্ট্রাটফোর্ড-আপন-অ্যাভনে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি ইংরেজি সাহিত্য এবং ভাষার উপর তার গভীর প্রভাবের জন্য পরিচিত, 38টি নাটক, 154টি সনেট এবং ক্যাননে বেশ কয়েকটি কবিতা অবদান রেখেছেন।

শেক্সপিয়ারের জীবনকে তিনটি পর্যায়ে ভাগ করা যায়: স্ট্রাটফোর্ডে তার প্রথম বছর, লন্ডনে তার পেশাগত জীবন এবং স্ট্রাটফোর্ডে তার শেষ বছরগুলো। একজন সফল চামড়া ব্যবসায়ী জন শেক্সপিয়ার এবং ধনী জমিদার কৃষকদের কন্যা মেরি আরডেনের জন্ম আট সন্তানের মধ্যে তিনি ছিলেন তৃতীয়। তিনি সম্ভবত স্ট্রাটফোর্ডের কিংস নিউ স্কুলে পড়াশোনা করেছেন, যেখানে তিনি ল্যাটিন ব্যাকরণ এবং ক্লাসিক বিষয়ে কঠোর শিক্ষা লাভ করতেন। 18 বছর বয়সে, তিনি অ্যান হ্যাথওয়েকে বিয়ে করেন, যার সাথে তার তিনটি সন্তান ছিল: সুজানা এবং যমজ হ্যামনেট এবং জুডিথ। হ্যামনেট, তার একমাত্র পুত্র, 11 বছর বয়সে মারা যান। 1585 সালের দিকে, শেক্সপিয়র লন্ডনে চলে আসেন, যেখানে তিনি একজন উল্লেখযোগ্য অভিনেতা এবং নাট্যকার হিসেবে আবির্ভূত হন। 1592 সালের মধ্যে, তিনি একজন প্রতিভাবান লেখক হিসাবে স্বীকৃত হন, যা নাট্যকার রবার্ট গ্রিনের একটি পুস্তিকাতে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে। লন্ডনের এই সময়টা শেক্সপিয়ারের জন্য ফলপ্রসূ ছিল; তিনি "রোমিও এবং জুলিয়েট," "হ্যামলেট," "ওথেলো," "কিং লিয়ার" এবং "ম্যাকবেথ" সহ তার অনেক বিখ্যাত নাটক নির্মাণ করেছিলেন।

লন্ডনে, শেক্সপিয়র ছিলেন একজন প্রধান অভিনেতা এবং নাট্যকার, লর্ড চেম্বারলেইনস মেন, একটি নেতৃস্থানীয় নাট্য সংস্থা। এই কোম্পানিটি পরে রাজা জেমস আই-এর পৃষ্ঠপোষকতায় কিংস মেন হয়ে ওঠে। লন্ডন থিয়েটার দৃশ্যে শেক্সপিয়ারের সাফল্য তাকে 1597 সালে স্ট্রাটফোর্ডের একটি বড় বাড়ি নিউ প্লেস ক্রয় করার অনুমতি দেয়। শেক্সপিয়র 1613 সালের দিকে স্ট্রাটফোর্ডে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন এবং সেখানে 1616 সালে 52 বছর বয়সে মারা যান। তাকে স্ট্রাটফোর্ডের হলি ট্রিনিটি চার্চে সমাহিত করা হয়। তার উত্তরাধিকার টিকে আছে, তার নাটক এবং কবিতা এখনও তাদের সমৃদ্ধ ভাষা, জটিল চরিত্র এবং মানব অবস্থার অন্তর্দৃষ্টিপূর্ণ চিত্রণের জন্য পালিত হচ্ছে। তার কাজ প্রতিটি প্রধান জীবন্ত ভাষায় অনূদিত হয়েছে এবং অন্য যে কোনো নাট্যকারের তুলনায় বেশিবার সঞ্চালিত হয়েছে।

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Education For All

Bangladesh is an independent country. Every citizen has got right of equality regarding in all aspects of their lives. The modern world of science and commerce demands that every citizen should be able to take an intelligent and informed interest in what is going on all around. Primary education is the minimum training that creates the proper conditions for this.

Primary education is the education that a child receives in a primary school. Compulsory primary education means that the children between ages six to ten must complete the primary education. Compulsory primary education means education for all. Its aim is to ensure education to all- rich and poor.

Education 

Illiteracy has become a dreadful problem in our life. To remove the problem, children above five years old should be sent to schools. Free books and educational materials should be supplied to the children for the poor families. Teachers should be generous and sympathetic to the infants. The illiterate guardians should be taught the necessity and value of learning.

Students

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Influence Of Western Civilization On Bangladeshi Society

Civilization means an advanced and organized state of human social development. It exposes a society or a country. its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time. Basically, a country or a nation is known by its civilization. The influence of western civilization is the most talked topic. Western culture is intruding into our culture in a very alarming way. This intrusion of Western culture has both good and bad effect on our society. Western civilization has introduced us with the people, society, education history and culture of the whole western world. It helps us to make a comparative study between western civilization and ours and to judge the standard of our culture. It also helps to enrich our civilization by accepting the good things of western civilization. 

Western  Civilization

The disadvantages of western civilization for the society of Bangladesh is very alarming. It has already created bad effect on our youngsters. The young people are trying to imitate western gross and vulgar culture forgetting our own culture. If this continues, our won culture and tradition will be abolished soon. As this is the age of globalization, we will not be able to discard western civilization. Rather we should try to imitate what is good in western civilization and give up what bad.

The Harmful Effect Of The Use And Production Of Polybags

The use and production of polybags do a great deal of harm to our environment and drain gage system, air, water and soil. In our country, thousands of pieces of polythene's are being used everyday. This huge amount of polythene is neither being re- used nor being decomposed by natural way. Most of the bags are just thrown out after its first use. They find their way into the drains. Then the polybags block our drainage system, barricade regular flow of water, obstruct the rainwater flowing into the drains etc. As a result low- lying areas in the cities frequently go under water. Flood occurs every now and then. Whenever, these polybags go inside the cultivable land, it loses fertility and crops do not grow in such lands. 

Remove polybags

Polybags remain unchanged like a curtain through which nothing can pass. So the land can not be irrigated. Polybags are burnt to get rid of its direct effect but some emitting from polyfire pollutes our air in a massive way. Such pollution is very harmful for human health. Because of huge use of polythene our traditional jute and cloth bags have lost their market. They are now out of use. Jute and cloth bags can be used several times whereas polybags are used only once. So polybags are waste of money. So government should ban the use and production of polybags making law.

Slums In Every City Of Bangladesh

Slum dwellers are rootless people. Actually they are rootless and they have to take shelter in slums under different circumstances. They live there in an inhuman condition. They are deprived of all kinds of human rights. About 80% of the slum dwellers suffer from hunger, malnutrition and different kinds of diseases. As a result, many of them die a premature death and the others light with death. They live in a society of lawlessness and violence. They are made to involve in different anti social activities like hijacking, smuggling, stealing, drug use, child trafficking etc. 

Slums In Every City

Besides, they are exploited by so called political leaders for organizing hartals, picketing, damaging vehicles and destroying public properties. The government and non government welfare organizations should come forward to rehabilitate them. Only then we can hope that they will get rid of this dark life and will have a new life back.

Dengue Fever Of Bangladesh I adies mosquito I

Dengue fever is a virus fever. No other fever is so dangerous as dengue fever. Adies, a kind of mosquito and the monkey carry this virus. This sort of mosquito is found in Africa. It lays eggs on standing or stagnant water. This germ spread all over the world through the sea vessels from Africa. Adies also lays its eggs on standing water in the plastic bottles, plastic contain made pots, lyres, green coconut plates, polythene etc. If adies mosquito bites a healthy man, virus may get into his body or blood. The man attacked with dengue fever feels severe pain in the whole body, dizzy headache, anorexa nausia malarise and red spots at different parts of the body and unnatural stools are found. 

adies mosquito

The adies mosquito's biting cause troubles in the bowel movement of a person. If the symptom of this disease is found, we must consult with a doctor at once and take medicine as per his advice. Medicine of paracitamol group is prescribed for dengue fever. This fever lasts not more than seven days. And the temperature stands up to 104- 105 degree at best. The victim must drink much water and take a lot of vitamin C.

Carried Diseases

In Bangladesh this dengue fever has broken out in an epidemic form. The conscious people both government & non- government organizations have taken programmes for making the illiterate people conscious of it through various mass media. Adies, a kind of mosquito carries virus of this disease. So, the mosquito killing adventure is going on throughout the whole country. We should keep or make our dwelling house neat and clean for prevention of this disease.

Earthquake Of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a land of natural calamity. People here survive fighting against the natural disasters like flood, cyclone, drought etc. Recently people have become very much concerned about a calamity and that is earthquake. Earthquake means the terrible shake of the earth. It leaves a vast trail of devastation and brings untold sufferings. The after effects of an earthquake can not be described in words. The whole air of the affected area is filled with the heart rending cries of the people who get narrowly escaped for their dear and near ones. No rescue work is possible as there is destructive fall out all around. The sufferings of the people beggar description. Only vast trail of devastation is seen. Houses and buildings are collapsed. People become shelter less. They have to starve. The most pathetic scene is that there are many dead bodies under the piles of havoc. They decompose and stink foul smell. IT vitiates the whole surroundings. The volunteers are seen pulling out the decomposed bodies out of the broken buildings and bricks. Really it is a pathetic scene. It is too impossible for a man of flesh and blood IT is too impossible for a an of flesh and blood to describe the scene. Today the people of Bangladesh specially the educated people are very much aware of earthquake. The people living in the multi storeyed building are also are also aware of earthquakes because they have come to know that most of the building in Bangladesh are not built according to earthquake resistant building code. 

To reduce the loss the following precautions as safety measures against earthquake can be taken.

(i) An earthquake resistant building code should be made which should be followed as mandatory. (ii) The RAJUK should be very much strict in giving plans for the construction of multi-storeyed buildings. (iii) Experts should mark the fault lines.

Sound Pollution Of Bangladesh

Today sound pollution is one of the talked topics of the day. It has reached an unbearable level. The unnecessary use of powerful vehicular horns is the main. Source of sound pollution in the City. Besides, faulty vehicles, construction sites, loud speaker and thousands of workshops let out loud noises round the clock. In the city, millions of people especially children are exposed to sound pollution. This sound pollution will damage children are exposed to sound pollution. This sound pollution will damage children power of hearing. 

Sound pollution is so much harmful that it can cause a wide range of malfunctions in the human body including heart attack, high- blood pressure, chronic depression, respiratory disorders etc. We should take necessary measures to control sound pollution. By developing public awareness and careful town planning sound pollution can be controlled. Strict law should be enforced regarding sound pollution. Use of hydraulic horns should be banned strictly.